Why we have different blood types ??

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In spite of being so large in population, it is said that we all are relative to each other and have same blood but we don't have same blood type. Its confusing that why do we have different blood ??
Let us know it here.

 Blood is body fluids in humans and animals that deliver necessary substances like nutrients and oxygen in body. It contains erythrocytes, leucocytes, thrombocytes ( platelets) and plasma.Humans have 8 blood types. Blood has
  • Red blood cells:-They are delivery and carrier boys of our body. They used to transport nutrients and oxygen to all parts of body.
  • White blood cells:-They are considered body guards in our body.They used to fight against any harmful cell, bacteria or infection in our body.
  • Platelets:-Platelets are tiny blood cells that help your blood cells that help our body form clots to stop bleeding.

We are done with introduction about blood.Now let us come to our question that why here are different blood types ??

 Blood have hemoglobin which captures nutrients and oxygen to different parts of our body. With hemoglobin our blood also have antigens, these are the special protein present outside the cell membrane.

 Our blood can have two types of antigens: A and B. These antigens work with white blood cells which protects them from infections. Antigens work as identifying agent which helps immune cells to recognize them and attack other cells. Simply antigens work as identification card for blood cell that they belong to same type and should kept safe by white blood cells.These antigens plays major role blood group identification.
Our body has two types of antigens A and B. Our blood type depends upon type of antigens group our blood cells have.
But why blood types matter ??
For blood transfusions, blood type is matter of life and death.If a person with B blood type is given A blood type then immune cells in his body will not accept it and attack them which can cause clotting and can result in death. But with blood type AB, it can accept both A or B blood type as it have both antigens. O type has neither, so it can only accept O blood type.I have also attach a table to make you understand better.

 From this we can see that O blood type can donate blood to anyone so they are called universal donors and AB blood type can receive any blood type so they re called universal receivers.

 This system gets bit more complicated due to additional antigen (D antigen) named Rh factor,named after the rhesus monkeys.These antigens makes existence of + and - blood type. If your red blood cells have Rh antigen on them then we say you have + blood type and if not then - blood type. 

 Now come on some interesting questions

 Do other animals also have same blood types as humans ??
No, other animals can have different blood types, like dogs have 13 blood types.

 Does every animals blood color is red ??
No, not all animals have red blood.
human                                                                                     red blood 
Crustaceans, spiders, squid, octopuses                                blue blood
Some types of worms and leeches                                     green blood
 Some species of marine worms                                         violet blood 
Insects, including beetles and butterflies                        colorless or pale-yellowish 
The color of blood is determined by the type of respiratory pigment used to transport oxygen via the circulatory system to cells. The respiratory pigment in humans is a protein called hemoglobin found in red blood cells.

 How long does blood cells live ??
Matured human blood cells have varying life cycles. Red blood cells circulate in the body for about 4 months, platelets for about 9 days, and white blood cells range from a few hours to several days.

 What is ph value of blood ??
Blood pH is regulated to stay within the narrow range of 7.35 to 7.45, making it slightly basic.Blood that has a pH below 7.35 is too acidic, whereas blood pH above 7.45 is too basic.

 Is is harmful to donate blood ??
New, sterile disposable equipment is used for each donor, so there's no risk of contracting a blood borne infection by donating blood. If you're a healthy adult, you can usually donate a pint of blood without endangering your health. Within 24 hours of a blood donation, your body replaces the lost fluids.
We must donate blood, who knows that our little efforts can save big lives.

 So now we can conclude that our blood type depends upon type of antigen we are having.

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